Python模块练习题-测试你的Python技能。

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1.logging模块有几个日志级别？

#INFO,WARNING,DEBUG,CRITICAL,ERROR

2.请配置logging模块，使其在屏幕和文件里同时打印以下格式的日志

2017-10-18 15:56:26,613 - access - ERROR - account [1234] too many login attempts

代码；

import logging
from logging import handlers
logger = logging.getLogger('access')
logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(interval=1,when='D',filename='web.log', backupCount=10)
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
file_format = logging.Formatter(fmt='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
ch.setFormatter(file_format)
fh.setFormatter(file_format)

logger.error('account [1234] too many login attempts')

3.json、pickle、shelve三个区别是什么？

首先，这三个模块都是序列化工具。

json是所有语言的序列化工具,优点跨语言、体积小.只能序列化一些基本的数据类型。int\str\list\tuple\dict pickle是python语言特有序列化工具，所有数据都能序列化。只能在python中使用，存储数据占空间大.
shelve模块是一个简单的k,v将内存数据通过文件持久化的模块，可以持久化任何pickle可支持的python数据格式。

4.json的作用是什么？

序列化，把dict，tuple，list等内存对象转换为字符串，持久化数据，存储到硬盘中或网络传输，因为网络和硬盘只接受bytes

5.subprocess执行命令方法有几种？

run()方法
 call()方法
 Popen()方法

6.为什么要设计好目录结构？

可读性高:
不熟悉这个项目的代码的人，一眼就能看懂目录结构，知道程序启动脚本是哪个，测试目录在哪儿，配置文件在哪儿等等。从而非常快速的了解这个项目。
可维护性高:
定义好组织规则后，维护者就能很明确地知道，新增的哪个文件和代码应该放在什么目录之下。这个好处是，随着时间的推移，代码/配置的规模增加，项目结构不会混乱，仍然能够组织良好。

7.打印出命令行的第一个参数。例如：

python argument.py luffy
打印出 luffy
import sys
print(sys.argv[1])

8.代码

'''
Linux当前目录/usr/local/nginx/html/
文件名：index.html
'''
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('index.html')))
print(BASE_DIR)

打印
/usr/local/nginx/

9.os.path.dirname和os.path.abspath含义是什么？

os.path.dirname：指定文件的目录
os.path.abspath：指定文件的绝对路径

10.通过configparser模块完成以下功能

文件名my.cnf

[DEFAULT]

 [client]
 port = 3306
 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock

 [mysqld]
 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
 port = 3306
 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock
 back_log = 80
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
 tmpdir = /tmp
 datadir = /data/mysql_3306
 default-time-zone = '+8:00'

修改时区 default-time-zone = ‘+8:00’ 为校准的全球时间 +00:00

删除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

为DEFAULT增加一条 character-set-server = utf8

import configparser
import os
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('my.cnf')
new_file = 'my.cnf%s'%('new')
with open(new_file,'w') as new_f:

    print(config.sections())
    print(config)
    # 为DEFAULT增加一条 character-set-server = utf8
    config['DEFAULT']={'character-set-server':'utf8'}
    # 修改时区 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 为 校准的全球时间 +00:00
    config.set('mysqld','default-time-zone','+00:00')
    # 删除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
    config.remove_option('mysqld','explicit_defaults_for_timestamp')
    config.write(new_f)
os.remove('my.cnf')
os.rename(new_file,'my.cnf')

11.写一个6位随机验证码程序（使用random模块),要求验证码中至少包含一个数字、一个小写字母、一个大写字母.

import random
import string

code_li = []

code_li.append(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase))
code_li.append(random.choice(string.digits))
code_li.append(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase))
while len(code_li) < 6:
    code_li.append(random.choice(string.digits+string.ascii_lowercase+string.ascii_uppercase))
print(code_li)
q_code=''.join(code_li)
print(q_code)

12.利用正则表达式提取到 luffycity.com ，内容如下

s='''

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <title>luffycity.com</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
'''

import re
match_s = re.findall('<title>(.*?)</title>',s)
print(match_s[0])

13.写一个用户登录验证程序，文件如下 1234.json

1234.json{"expire_date": "2021-01-01", "id": 1234, "status": 0, "pay_day": 22, "password": "abc"}
'''
写一个用户登录验证程序，文件如下
1234.json

用户名为json文件名，密码为 password。
判断是否过期，与expire_date进行对比。
登陆成功后，打印“登陆成功”，三次登陆失败，status值改为1，并且锁定账号。
'''
import json
import os
import time
import hashlib

count = 0
exit_flag =False


while count < 3:
    user = input('输入用户名： ')
    f = user.strip()+'.json'
    if os.path.exists(f):
        fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8')
        j_user = json.load(fp)
        if j_user["status"] == 1:
            print('账号已经锁定')
            break
        else:
            expire_dt = j_user["expire_date"]

            current_st = time.time()
            expire_st = time.mktime(time.strptime(expire_dt,'%Y-%m-%d'))
            # print(expire_st,current_st)
            if current_st > expire_st:
                print('用户已经过期')
                break
            else:
                while count < 3:
                    pwd = input('输入密码： ')
                    if pwd.strip() == j_user["password"]:
                        print('用户[%s]登录成功'%user)
                        exit_flag = True
                        break
                    else:
                        print('密码不对')
                        if count == 2:
                            print('用户登录已超过3次，锁定账号')
                            j_user["status"] = 1
                            fp.seek(0)
                            fp.truncate()  # 清空文件内容
                            json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 写入锁定信息
                    count += 1
    if exit_flag:
        break
    else:
        print('用户不存在')
        count += 1

14. 把第13题三次验证的密码进行hashlib加密处理。即：json文件保存为md5的值，然后用md5的值进行验证。

加密密码

f ='1234.json'
fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8')
j_user = json.load(fp)
md = hashlib.md5()
md.update('abc'.encode('utf-8'))
md_pwd = md.hexdigest()
print(md_pwd)
j_user["password"] = md_pwd
fp.seek(0)
fp.truncate()  # 清空文件内容
json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 写入md5密码信息
fp.close()

用户登录验证

count = 0
exit_flag = False
md = hashlib.md5()

while count < 3:
user = input(‘输入用户名： ‘)
f = user.strip()+’.json’
if os.path.exists(f):
fp = open(f,‘r+’,encoding=‘utf-8’)
j_user = json.load(fp)
if j_user[“status”] == 1:
print(‘账号已经锁定’)
break
else:
expire_dt = j_user[“expire_date”]

        current_st = time.time()
        expire_st = time.mktime(time.strptime(expire_dt,'%Y-%m-%d'))
        # print(expire_st,current_st)
        if current_st > expire_st:
            print('用户已经过期')
            break
        else:
            while count < 3:
                pwd = input('输入密码： ')
                md.update(pwd.strip().encode('utf-8'))
                md5_pwd = md.hexdigest()
                if md5_pwd == j_user["password"]:
                    print('用户[%s]登录成功'%user)
                    exit_flag = True
                    break
                else:
                    print('密码不对')
                    if count == 2:
                        print('用户登录已超过3次，锁定账号')
                        j_user["status"] = 1
                        fp.seek(0)
                        fp.truncate()  # 清空文件内容
                        json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 写入锁定信息
                        fp.close()

                count += 1
if exit_flag:
    break
else:
    print('用户不存在')
    count += 1

15.

最近luffy买了个tesla，通过转账的形式，并且支付了5%的手续费，tesla价格为75万。文件为json，请用程序实现该转账行为。
需求如下：
目录结构为
.
├── account
│ ├── luffy.json
│ └── tesla.json
└── bin
└── start.py

当执行start.py时，出现交互窗口

------- Luffy Bank ---------
1. 账户信息
2. 转账

选择1 账户信息显示luffy的当前账户余额。
选择2 转账直接扣掉75万和利息费用并且tesla账户增加75万
对上题增加一个需求：提现。目录结构如下

.
├── account
│ └── luffy.json
├── bin
│ └── start.py
└── core
└── withdraw.py

当执行start.py时，出现交互窗口

------- Luffy Bank ---------
1. 账户信息
2. 提现

选择1 账户信息显示luffy的当前账户余额和信用额度。
选择2 提现提现金额应小于等于信用额度，利息为5%，提现金额为用户自定义。
尝试把上一章的验证用户登陆的装饰器添加到提现和转账的功能上。
对第15题的用户转账、登录、提现操作均通过logging模块记录日志,日志文件位置如下

.
├── account
│ └── luffy.json
├── bin
│ └── start.py
└── core
| └── withdraw.py
└── logs
└── bank.log

目录结构

Python模块练习题-测试你的Python技能。
代码 settings.py

import os

'''
日志文件设置
'''
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
LOG_LEVEL='INFO'
LOG_FILE='bank.log'

'''
交易类型
'''
TRANS_TYPE={
    'withdraw':{'interest':0.05,'action':'minus'},
    'transfer': {'interest': 0.05, 'action': 'minus'}
}

print(BASE_DIR)

代码 my_logset.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/4/23 8:55
# @Author  : hyang
# @File    : my_logset.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import logging
import os
from conf import settings

# 日志格式
log_format = '[%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(filename)s - %(lineno)d ] %(message)s '

def get_mylogger(name):
    """
    get log
    :param name:
    :return:
    """
    logger = logging.getLogger(name)
    logger.setLevel(settings.LOG_LEVEL)

    console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
    # 文件绝对路径
    logfile_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'log',settings.LOG_FILE)
    file_handler = logging.FileHandler(logfile_path)

    logger.addHandler(console_handler)
    logger.addHandler(file_handler)

    file_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format)
    console_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format, datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ')

    console_handler.setFormatter(console_format)
    file_handler.setFormatter(file_format)

    return logger

if __name__ == '__main__':
    log = get_mylogger('access')
    log.info('access')
    log.error('Error')

    log1 = get_mylogger('trans')
    log1.info('trans')

代码 auth.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/5/14 22:57
# @Author  : hyang
# @Site    :
# @File    : auth.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import json
import time
import os
from conf import settings
from log import my_logset
from functools import wraps


# logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')


def login_required(func):
    """
     登录认证装饰器
    :param func:
    :return:
    """
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        # print(args[0].get('is_authenticated'))
        if args[0].get('is_authenticated'):
            print('execute %s'%func.__name__)
            res = func(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            exit('user is not authenticated')
        return res

    return wrapper


def acc_login(user, pwd,logger):
    """
     用户登录
    :param log_obj:
    :return:
    """
    # 账号文件
    account_file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account','%s.json'%user)
    if os.path.isfile(account_file):
        user_fp = open(account_file,'r',encoding='utf-8')
        account_data = json.load(fp=user_fp)
        if account_data["password"] == pwd:
            exp_time_stamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(account_data["expire_date"],'%Y-%m-%d'))
            status = account_data['status']
            if time.time() > exp_time_stamp:
                msg = 'Account [%s] has expired,please contact the back to get a new card!' % user
                logger.error(msg)

            elif status != 0:
                msg = 'Account [%s] has frozen' % user
                logger.error(msg)

            else:
                logger.info('***********欢迎{}登录***********'.format(user))
                return account_data
        else:
            logger.error("Account ID or password is incorrect!")
    else:
        msg = "Account [%s] does not exist!" % user
        logger.error(msg)

def auth_acc(user_data,logger):
    """
     用户登录
    :return:
    """
    retry_count = 0
    if user_data['is_authenticated'] is not True:
        while retry_count < 3:
            user = input('input username: ').strip()
            pwd = input('input password: ').strip()

            acc_data = acc_login(user, pwd,logger)
            if acc_data:
                user_data['is_authenticated'] = True
                return acc_data

            retry_count +=1
        else:
            exit("account too many login attempts" )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')
    user_data = {'is_authenticated':False}
    auth_acc(user_data,logger)

代码 main.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/5/14 23:55
# @Author  : hyang
# @Site    :
# @File    : main.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import os
import json
from core import auth
from core.auth import login_required
from conf import settings
from log import my_logset



user_data = {
    'user_id':None,
    'is_authenticated':False,
    'user':None
}

# transaction logger
trans_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('transaction')
# access logger
access_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')

@login_required
def account_info(user_data):
    """
       print acoount_info
       :param acc_data:
       :return:
       """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    current_user = ''' 
       --------- USER INFO --------
       user_id:     {}
       Credit :     {}
       Balance:     {}
       expire_date: {}      
       ----------------------------------
       '''.format(curr_data['id'], curr_data['credit'], curr_data['balance'],curr_data['expire_date'])
    access_logger.info(current_user)

@login_required
def withdraw(user_data):
    """

     print current balance and let user do the withdraw action
    :param user_data:
    :return:
    """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    back_flag = False
    while not back_flag:
        withdraw_amount = input("Input withdraw amount:").strip()
        if withdraw_amount.isdigit():
                old_bal = curr_data['balance']
                curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(withdraw_amount)*settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest']
                if curr_data['balance']:
                    msg = "New Balance:%s" % (curr_data['balance'])
                    trans_logger.info(msg)
                    save_data(curr_data)
        elif withdraw_amount == 'b':
            back_flag = True
        else:
            msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % withdraw_amount
            trans_logger.error(msg)



@login_required
def transfer(user_data):
    """
     print current balance and let user do the transfer action
    :param user_data:
    :return:
    """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    back_flag = False
    while not back_flag:
        transfer_amount = input("Input transfer amount:").strip()
        tesla_data = get_data('tesla')  # 得到转账人的信息
        if transfer_amount.isdigit():
            transfer_amount = float(transfer_amount)  # 转账金额转化float
            old_bal = curr_data['balance']
            new_tesla_bal = tesla_data['balance'] + transfer_amount  # 得到转账人的余额
            curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(transfer_amount) * settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest']
            tesla_data['balance'] = new_tesla_bal
            if curr_data['balance']:
                msg = "New Balance: %s new_tesla_bal: %s " % (curr_data['balance'], new_tesla_bal)
                trans_logger.info(msg)
                # 保存数据
                save_data(curr_data)
                save_data(tesla_data)
        elif transfer_amount == 'b':
            back_flag = True
        else:
            msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % transfer_amount
            trans_logger.error(msg)


def logout(user_data):
    """
    user logout
    :param acc_data:
    :return:
    """
    msg = "%s logout" % user_data['user_id']
    user_data['is_authenticated']= False


def save_data(acc_data):
    """
     保存acc_data
    :param acc_data:
    :return:
    """
    file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account',acc_data['id']+'.json')
    user_fp = open(file,'w',encoding='utf-8')
    print('save_data: ',file, acc_data)
    json.dump(acc_data,user_fp,ensure_ascii=False)
    user_fp.close()

def get_data(user_id):
    """
     得到acc_data
    :param user_id:
    :return:
    """
    file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'account', user_id+'.json')
    user_fp = open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    acc_data = json.load(user_fp)
    user_fp.close()
    return acc_data

def interactive(acc_data):

    '''
    interact with user
    :return:
    '''
    menu = """
    ------- Bank ---------
    1.  账户信息(功能已实现)
    2.  取款(功能已实现)
    3.  转账(功能已实现)
    4.  用户退出(功能已实现)
    """
    menu_dic = {
        '1': account_info,
        '2': withdraw,
        '3': transfer,
        '4': logout,
    }
    exit_flag = False
    while not exit_flag:
        print(menu)
        user_option = input(">>:").strip()
        if user_option in menu_dic:
            # print('accdata', acc_data)
            # print(menu_dic[user_option], acc_data)
            menu_dic[user_option](acc_data)
        else:
            print("Option does not exist!", "error")
            exit_flag = True


def run():
    '''
    this function will be called right a way when the program started, here handles the user interaction stuff
    :return:
    '''
    acc_data = auth.auth_acc(user_data,access_logger)
    # print(acc_data)
    # 如果用户认证成功
    if user_data['is_authenticated']:
         user_data['user'] = acc_data
         user_data['user_id'] = acc_data.get('id')
         interactive(user_data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()
    # print(a[0])

代码 start.py

import sys,os

BASE_DIR=os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入环境变量

from core import main as m

if __name__ == '__main__':
    m.run()