matplotlib从起点出发(5)_Tutorial_5_styleSheets

1 使用样式表和rcParams自定义matplotlib

以下是自定义matplotlib的属性和默认样式的提示。
有三种方式来自定义matplotlib:

1. 在运行时设置rcParams；
2. 使用样式表；
3. 改写matplotlibrc文件。

在运行时设置rcParams优先于样式表，样式表优先于matplotlibrc文件。

2 运行时rc设置

你可以在python脚本中动态更改默认rc(runtime configuration运行时参数)设置，也可以在python shell中以交互方式更改。所有rc设置都存储在一个名为matplotlib.rcParams的类似字典的变量中，该变量是matplotlib包的全局变量。请参阅matplotlib.rcParams获取可配置rcParams的完整列表。rcParams可以直接改，例如：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from cycler import cycler
mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 2
mpl.rcParams['lines.linestyle'] = '--'
data = np.random.randn(50)
plt.plot(data)

请注意，为了更改默认的绘图颜色，你必须更改axes对象的prop_cycle属性：

mpl.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler(color=['r', 'g', 'b', 'y'])
plt.plot(data)  # 首个颜色是红色

matplotlib还提供了一些方便的函数来修改rc设置。matplotlib.rc可用于使用关键字参数一次修改单个组中的多个设置：

mpl.rc('lines', linewidth=4, linestyle='-.')
plt.plot(data)

临时rc设置

matplotlib.rcParams对象也可以使用matplotlib.rc_context上下文管理器临时更改：

with mpl.rc_context({'lines.linewidth': 2, 'lines.linestyle': ':'}):
    plt.plot(data)

matplotlib.rc_context也可以用作修饰器来修改函数中的默认值：

@mpl.rc_context({'lines.linewidth': 3, 'lines.linestyle': '-'})
def plotting_function():
    plt.plot(data)

plotting_function()

matplotlib.rcdefaults将恢复标准的matplotlib默认设置。
在设置rcParams的值时会有一定程度的验证，有关详细信息，请参阅matplotlib.rcsetup。

3 使用样式表

更改绘图视觉外观的另一种方式是在所谓的样式表中设置rcParams，并使用matplotlib.style.use导入该样式表。通过这种方式，你只需要更改导入的样式表即可轻松地在不同样式之间切换。样式表看起来与matplotlibrc文件相同，但在样式表中，你只能设置与绘图的实际样式相关的rcParams。其他rcParams，如后端，将被忽略。matplotlibrc文件支持所有rcParams。这背后的基本原理是使样式表在不同计算机之间可移植，而不必担心可能安装也可能不安装在另一台计算机上的依赖项，请参阅matplotlib.rcParams。有关样式表中忽略的rcParams的列表，请参阅matplotlib.style.use。

matplollib提供了许多预定义的样式。例如，有一种预定义的样式称为"ggplot"，它模仿了ggplot(R的流行绘图包)的美学。要使用此样式，请添加：

plt.style.use('ggplot')

如果要列出所有可用的样式，使用：

print(plt.style.available)

输出：

['Solarize_Light2', '_classic_test_patch', 'bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 'fivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn', 'seaborn-bright', 'seaborn-colorblind', 'seaborn-dark', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-darkgrid', 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-notebook', 'seaborn-paper', 'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-talk', 'seaborn-ticks', 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'tableau-colorblind10']

设置你自己的样式

你可以创建自定义样式，并通过调用style.use和样式表的路径或URL来使用它们。
例如，你可能希望使用以下方式创建./images/presentation.mplstyle:

axes.titlesize : 24
axes.labelsize : 20
lines.linewidth : 3
lines.markersize : 10
xtick.labelsize : 16
ytick.labelsize : 16

然后，当你想为论文设计的绘图改编为演示文稿中看起来不错的绘图时，只需添加：

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> plt.style.use('./images/presentation.mplstyle')

分发样式

你可以将样式表包含在标准的可导入Python包中（例如，可以在PyPI上分发）。如果你的包可以导入为import mypackage，带有mypackage/__init__.py模块，并且你添加了mypackage/presentation.mplstyle样式表，那么它可以用作plt.style.use("mypackage.presentation")。子包也支持（例如，dotted.package.name）。

或者，你可以通过将<style-name>.mplstyle文件放入mpl_configdir/stylelib中来使matplotlib知道你的风格。然后，你可以使用对style.use()的调用来加载自定义模式表<style-name>。默认情况下，mpl_configdir应该是~/.config/matplotlib，但你可以使用matplotlib.get_configdir()检查你的位置，你可能需要创建此目录。你还可以通过设置MPLCONFIGDIR环境变量来更改matplotlib查找stylelib/folder的目录，请查阅matplotlib配置和缓存目录位置相关的内容。

请注意，如果 mpl_configdir/stylelib 中的自定义样式表具有相同的名称，则会覆盖 Matplotlib 定义的样式表。

一旦你的 <style-name>.mplstyle 文件位于适当的mpl_configdir你可以使用以下命令指定样式：

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> plt.style.use(<style-name>)

组合样式

样式表设计为组合在一起。因此，你可以拥有一个自定义颜色的样式表和一个用于更改演示文稿元素大小的单独样式表。通过传递样式列表，可以轻松地组合这些样式：

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> plt.style.use(['dark_background', 'presentation'])

请注意，右侧的样式将覆盖左侧已经定义的值。

临时样式

如果只想对特定代码块使用样式，而又不想更改全局样式，则样式包提供了一个上下文管理器，用于将更改限制在特定范围内。若要隔离样式更改，可以编写如下所示的内容：

with plt.style.context('dark_background'):
    plt.plot(np.sin(np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi)), 'r-o')
plt.show()

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4 matplotlibrc文件

matplotlib使用matplotlibrc配置文件来自定义各种属性，我们称之为“rc设置”或“rc参数”。你可以控制matplotlib中几乎所有属性的默认值：图形大小和DPI、线宽、颜色和样式、axes、轴和风格属性、文本和字体属性等。matplotlibrc在启动时被读取以配置matplotlib。matplotlib按以下顺序在四个位置查找matplotlibrc:

1. matplotlibrc 在当前的工作路径下，通常用于对特定的自定义状况，而不想在其他地方使用；
2. 如果是一个文件的话，使用$MATPLOTLIBRC ，其他情况下，使用$MATPLOTLIBRC/matplotlibrc；
3. 接下来，它会在特定于用户的位置查找，具体取决于你的平台：

• 在Linux和FreeBSD上，如果你自定义了环境，它会在.config/matplotlib/matplotlibrc（或$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/matplotlib/matplotlibrc）中查找；
• 在其他平台上，它看起来是.matplotlib/matplotlibrc。

4. INSTALL/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc，其中INSTALL类似于Linux上的/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages，也可能是Windows上的C:\Python39\Lib\site-packages。每次重新安装matplotlib时，此文件都会被覆盖，因此，如果你希望保存自定义项，请将此文件移动到特定于用户的目录中。

一旦找到matplotlibrc文件，它将不会搜索任何其他路径。当样式表使用style.use('<path>/<style-name>.mplstyle)时，样式表中指定的设置优先于matplotlibrc文件中的设置。

要显示当前活动的matplotlibrc文件的加载位置，可以执行以下操作：

>>> import matplotlib
>>> matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()
>>> '/home/foo/.config/matplotlib/matplotlibrc'

有关示例matplotlibrc文件，请参见下面的matplotlibrc默认文件，有关可配置rcParams的完整列表，请参阅matplotlib.rcParams.

5 默认的matplotlibrc文件

小白也按照教程中的方法找到了自己的matplotlibrc文件

#### MATPLOTLIBRC FORMAT

## NOTE FOR END USERS: DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE!
##
## This is a sample Matplotlib configuration file - you can find a copy
## of it on your system in site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
## (relative to your Python installation location).
##
## You should find a copy of it on your system at
## site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc (relative to your Python
## installation location).  DO NOT EDIT IT!
##
## If you wish to change your default style, copy this file to one of the
## following locations:
##     Unix/Linux:
##         $HOME/.config/matplotlib/matplotlibrc OR
##         $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/matplotlib/matplotlibrc (if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set)
##     Other platforms:
##         $HOME/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc
## and edit that copy.
##
## See https://matplotlib.org/users/customizing.html#the-matplotlibrc-file
## for more details on the paths which are checked for the configuration file.
##
## Blank lines, or lines starting with a comment symbol, are ignored, as are
## trailing comments.  Other lines must have the format:
##     key: val  # optional comment
##
## Formatting: Use PEP8-like style (as enforced in the rest of the codebase).
## All lines start with an additional '#', so that removing all leading '#'s
## yields a valid style file.
##
## Colors: for the color values below, you can either use
##     - a Matplotlib color string, such as r, k, or b
##     - an RGB tuple, such as (1.0, 0.5, 0.0)
##     - a hex string, such as ff00ff
##     - a scalar grayscale intensity such as 0.75
##     - a legal html color name, e.g., red, blue, darkslategray
##
## Matplotlib configuration are currently divided into following parts:
##     - BACKENDS
##     - LINES
##     - PATCHES
##     - HATCHES
##     - BOXPLOT
##     - FONT
##     - TEXT
##     - LaTeX
##     - AXES
##     - DATES
##     - TICKS
##     - GRIDS
##     - LEGEND
##     - FIGURE
##     - IMAGES
##     - CONTOUR PLOTS
##     - ERRORBAR PLOTS
##     - HISTOGRAM PLOTS
##     - SCATTER PLOTS
##     - AGG RENDERING
##     - PATHS
##     - SAVING FIGURES
##     - INTERACTIVE KEYMAPS
##     - ANIMATION

##### CONFIGURATION BEGINS HERE


## ***************************************************************************
## * BACKENDS                                                                *
## ***************************************************************************
## The default backend.  If you omit this parameter, the first working
## backend from the following list is used:
##     MacOSX Qt5Agg Gtk3Agg TkAgg WxAgg Agg
## Other choices include:
##     Qt5Cairo GTK3Cairo TkCairo WxCairo Cairo
##     Qt4Agg Qt4Cairo Wx  # deprecated.
##     PS PDF SVG Template
## You can also deploy your own backend outside of Matplotlib by referring to
## the module name (which must be in the PYTHONPATH) as 'module://my_backend'.
#backend: Agg

## The port to use for the web server in the WebAgg backend.
#webagg.port: 8988

## The address on which the WebAgg web server should be reachable
#webagg.address: 127.0.0.1

## If webagg.port is unavailable, a number of other random ports will
## be tried until one that is available is found.
#webagg.port_retries: 50

## When True, open the web browser to the plot that is shown
#webagg.open_in_browser: True

## If you are running pyplot inside a GUI and your backend choice
## conflicts, we will automatically try to find a compatible one for
## you if backend_fallback is True
#backend_fallback: True

#interactive: False
#toolbar:     toolbar2  # {None, toolbar2, toolmanager}
#timezone:    UTC       # a pytz timezone string, e.g., US/Central or Europe/Paris


## ***************************************************************************
## * LINES                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.lines
## for more information on line properties.
#lines.linewidth: 1.5               # line width in points
#lines.linestyle: -                 # solid line
#lines.color:     C0                # has no affect on plot(); see axes.prop_cycle
#lines.marker:          None        # the default marker
#lines.markerfacecolor: auto        # the default marker face color
#lines.markeredgecolor: auto        # the default marker edge color
#lines.markeredgewidth: 1.0         # the line width around the marker symbol
#lines.markersize:      6           # marker size, in points
#lines.dash_joinstyle:  round       # {miter, round, bevel}
#lines.dash_capstyle:   butt        # {butt, round, projecting}
#lines.solid_joinstyle: round       # {miter, round, bevel}
#lines.solid_capstyle:  projecting  # {butt, round, projecting}
#lines.antialiased: True            # render lines in antialiased (no jaggies)

## The three standard dash patterns.  These are scaled by the linewidth.
#lines.dashed_pattern: 3.7, 1.6
#lines.dashdot_pattern: 6.4, 1.6, 1, 1.6
#lines.dotted_pattern: 1, 1.65
#lines.scale_dashes: True

#markers.fillstyle: full  # {full, left, right, bottom, top, none}

#pcolor.shading : flat
#pcolormesh.snap : True  # Whether to snap the mesh to pixel boundaries. This
                         # is provided solely to allow old test images to remain
                         # unchanged. Set to False to obtain the previous behavior.

## ***************************************************************************
## * PATCHES                                                                 *
## ***************************************************************************
## Patches are graphical objects that fill 2D space, like polygons or circles.
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.patches
## for more information on patch properties.
#patch.linewidth:       1      # edge width in points.
#patch.facecolor:       C0
#patch.edgecolor:       black  # if forced, or patch is not filled
#patch.force_edgecolor: False  # True to always use edgecolor
#patch.antialiased:     True   # render patches in antialiased (no jaggies)


## ***************************************************************************
## * HATCHES                                                                 *
## ***************************************************************************
#hatch.color:     black
#hatch.linewidth: 1.0


## ***************************************************************************
## * BOXPLOT                                                                 *
## ***************************************************************************
#boxplot.notch:       False
#boxplot.vertical:    True
#boxplot.whiskers:    1.5
#boxplot.bootstrap:   None
#boxplot.patchartist: False
#boxplot.showmeans:   False
#boxplot.showcaps:    True
#boxplot.showbox:     True
#boxplot.showfliers:  True
#boxplot.meanline:    False

#boxplot.flierprops.color:           black
#boxplot.flierprops.marker:          o
#boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor: none
#boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor: black
#boxplot.flierprops.markeredgewidth: 1.0
#boxplot.flierprops.markersize:      6
#boxplot.flierprops.linestyle:       none
#boxplot.flierprops.linewidth:       1.0

#boxplot.boxprops.color:     black
#boxplot.boxprops.linewidth: 1.0
#boxplot.boxprops.linestyle: -

#boxplot.whiskerprops.color:     black
#boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth: 1.0
#boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle: -

#boxplot.capprops.color:     black
#boxplot.capprops.linewidth: 1.0
#boxplot.capprops.linestyle: -

#boxplot.medianprops.color:     C1
#boxplot.medianprops.linewidth: 1.0
#boxplot.medianprops.linestyle: -

#boxplot.meanprops.color:           C2
#boxplot.meanprops.marker:          ^
#boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor: C2
#boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor: C2
#boxplot.meanprops.markersize:       6
#boxplot.meanprops.linestyle:       --
#boxplot.meanprops.linewidth:       1.0


## ***************************************************************************
## * FONT                                                                    *
## ***************************************************************************
## The font properties used by `text.Text`.
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/font_manager_api.html for more information
## on font properties.  The 6 font properties used for font matching are
## given below with their default values.
##
## The font.family property can take either a concrete font name (not supported
## when rendering text with usetex), or one of the following five generic
## values:
##     - 'serif' (e.g., Times),
##     - 'sans-serif' (e.g., Helvetica),
##     - 'cursive' (e.g., Zapf-Chancery),
##     - 'fantasy' (e.g., Western), and
##     - 'monospace' (e.g., Courier).
## Each of these values has a corresponding default list of font names
## (font.serif, etc.); the first available font in the list is used.  Note that
## for font.serif, font.sans-serif, and font.monospace, the first element of
## the list (a DejaVu font) will always be used because DejaVu is shipped with
## Matplotlib and is thus guaranteed to be available; the other entries are
## left as examples of other possible values.
##
## The font.style property has three values: normal (or roman), italic
## or oblique.  The oblique style will be used for italic, if it is not
## present.
##
## The font.variant property has two values: normal or small-caps.  For
## TrueType fonts, which are scalable fonts, small-caps is equivalent
## to using a font size of 'smaller', or about 83%% of the current font
## size.
##
## The font.weight property has effectively 13 values: normal, bold,
## bolder, lighter, 100, 200, 300, ..., 900.  Normal is the same as
## 400, and bold is 700.  bolder and lighter are relative values with
## respect to the current weight.
##
## The font.stretch property has 11 values: ultra-condensed,
## extra-condensed, condensed, semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded,
## expanded, extra-expanded, ultra-expanded, wider, and narrower.  This
## property is not currently implemented.
##
## The font.size property is the default font size for text, given in points.
## 10 pt is the standard value.
##
## Note that font.size controls default text sizes.  To configure
## special text sizes tick labels, axes, labels, title, etc., see the rc
## settings for axes and ticks.  Special text sizes can be defined
## relative to font.size, using the following values: xx-small, x-small,
## small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large, larger, or smaller

#font.family:  sans-serif
#font.style:   normal
#font.variant: normal
#font.weight:  normal
#font.stretch: normal
#font.size:    10.0

#font.serif:      DejaVu Serif, Bitstream Vera Serif, Computer Modern Roman, New Century Schoolbook, Century Schoolbook L, Utopia, ITC Bookman, Bookman, Nimbus Roman No9 L, Times New Roman, Times, Palatino, Charter, serif
#font.sans-serif: DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Computer Modern Sans Serif, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif
#font.cursive:    Apple Chancery, Textile, Zapf Chancery, Sand, Script MT, Felipa, Comic Neue, Comic Sans MS, cursive
#font.fantasy:    Chicago, Charcoal, Impact, Western, Humor Sans, xkcd, fantasy
#font.monospace:  DejaVu Sans Mono, Bitstream Vera Sans Mono, Computer Modern Typewriter, Andale Mono, Nimbus Mono L, Courier New, Courier, Fixed, Terminal, monospace


## ***************************************************************************
## * TEXT                                                                    *
## ***************************************************************************
## The text properties used by `text.Text`.
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.text
## for more information on text properties
#text.color: black


## ***************************************************************************
## * LaTeX                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
## For more information on LaTeX properties, see
## https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/usetex.html
#text.usetex: False  # use latex for all text handling. The following fonts
                     # are supported through the usual rc parameter settings:
                     # new century schoolbook, bookman, times, palatino,
                     # zapf chancery, charter, serif, sans-serif, helvetica,
                     # avant garde, courier, monospace, computer modern roman,
                     # computer modern sans serif, computer modern typewriter
                     # If another font is desired which can loaded using the
                     # LaTeX \usepackage command, please inquire at the
                     # Matplotlib mailing list
#text.latex.preamble:   # IMPROPER USE OF THIS FEATURE WILL LEAD TO LATEX FAILURES
                        # AND IS THEREFORE UNSUPPORTED. PLEASE DO NOT ASK FOR HELP
                        # IF THIS FEATURE DOES NOT DO WHAT YOU EXPECT IT TO.
                        # text.latex.preamble is a single line of LaTeX code that
                        # will be passed on to the LaTeX system. It may contain
                        # any code that is valid for the LaTeX "preamble", i.e.
                        # between the "\documentclass" and "\begin{document}"
                        # statements.
                        # Note that it has to be put on a single line, which may
                        # become quite long.
                        # The following packages are always loaded with usetex, so
                        # beware of package collisions: color, geometry, graphicx,
                        # type1cm, textcomp.
                        # Adobe Postscript (PSSNFS) font packages may also be
                        # loaded, depending on your font settings.

## FreeType hinting flag ("foo" corresponds to FT_LOAD_FOO); may be one of the
## following (Proprietary Matplotlib-specific synonyms are given in parentheses,
## but their use is discouraged):
## - default: Use the font's native hinter if possible, else FreeType's auto-hinter.
##            ("either" is a synonym).
## - no_autohint: Use the font's native hinter if possible, else don't hint.
##                ("native" is a synonym.)
## - force_autohint: Use FreeType's auto-hinter.  ("auto" is a synonym.)
## - no_hinting: Disable hinting.  ("none" is a synonym.)
#text.hinting: force_autohint

#text.hinting_factor: 8  # Specifies the amount of softness for hinting in the
                         # horizontal direction.  A value of 1 will hint to full
                         # pixels.  A value of 2 will hint to half pixels etc.
#text.kerning_factor : 0  # Specifies the scaling factor for kerning values. This
                          # is provided solely to allow old test images to remain
                          # unchanged. Set to 6 to obtain previous behavior. Values
                          # other than 0 or 6 have no defined meaning.
#text.antialiased: True  # If True (default), the text will be antialiased.
                         # This only affects raster outputs.

## The following settings allow you to select the fonts in math mode.
#mathtext.fontset: dejavusans  # Should be 'dejavusans' (default),
                               # 'dejavuserif', 'cm' (Computer Modern), 'stix',
                               # 'stixsans' or 'custom' (unsupported, may go
                               # away in the future)
## "mathtext.fontset: custom" is defined by the mathtext.bf, .cal, .it, ...
## settings which map a TeX font name to a fontconfig font pattern.  (These
## settings are not used for other font sets.)
#mathtext.bf:  sans:bold
#mathtext.cal: cursive
#mathtext.it:  sans:italic
#mathtext.rm:  sans
#mathtext.sf:  sans
#mathtext.tt:  monospace
#mathtext.fallback: cm  # Select fallback font from ['cm' (Computer Modern), 'stix'
                        # 'stixsans'] when a symbol can not be found in one of the
                        # custom math fonts. Select 'None' to not perform fallback
                        # and replace the missing character by a dummy symbol.
#mathtext.default: it  # The default font to use for math.
                       # Can be any of the LaTeX font names, including
                       # the special name "regular" for the same font
                       # used in regular text.


## ***************************************************************************
## * AXES                                                                    *
## ***************************************************************************
## Following are default face and edge colors, default tick sizes,
## default font sizes for tick labels, and so on.  See
## https://matplotlib.org/api/axes_api.html#module-matplotlib.axes
#axes.facecolor:     white   # axes background color
#axes.edgecolor:     black   # axes edge color
#axes.linewidth:     0.8     # edge line width
#axes.grid:          False   # display grid or not
#axes.grid.axis:     both    # which axis the grid should apply to
#axes.grid.which:    major   # grid lines at {major, minor, both} ticks
#axes.titlelocation: center  # alignment of the title: {left, right, center}
#axes.titlesize:     large   # font size of the axes title
#axes.titleweight:   normal  # font weight of title
#axes.titlecolor:    auto    # color of the axes title, auto falls back to
                             # text.color as default value
#axes.titley:        None    # position title (axes relative units).  None implies auto
#axes.titlepad:      6.0     # pad between axes and title in points
#axes.labelsize:     medium  # font size of the x and y labels
#axes.labelpad:      4.0     # space between label and axis
#axes.labelweight:   normal  # weight of the x and y labels
#axes.labelcolor:    black
#axes.axisbelow:     line    # draw axis gridlines and ticks:
                             #     - below patches (True)
                             #     - above patches but below lines ('line')
                             #     - above all (False)

#axes.formatter.limits: -5, 6  # use scientific notation if log10
                               # of the axis range is smaller than the
                               # first or larger than the second
#axes.formatter.use_locale: False  # When True, format tick labels
                                   # according to the user's locale.
                                   # For example, use ',' as a decimal
                                   # separator in the fr_FR locale.
#axes.formatter.use_mathtext: False  # When True, use mathtext for scientific
                                     # notation.
#axes.formatter.min_exponent: 0  # minimum exponent to format in scientific notation
#axes.formatter.useoffset: True  # If True, the tick label formatter
                                 # will default to labeling ticks relative
                                 # to an offset when the data range is
                                 # small compared to the minimum absolute
                                 # value of the data.
#axes.formatter.offset_threshold: 4  # When useoffset is True, the offset
                                     # will be used when it can remove
                                     # at least this number of significant
                                     # digits from tick labels.

#axes.spines.left:   True  # display axis spines
#axes.spines.bottom: True
#axes.spines.top:    True
#axes.spines.right:  True

#axes.unicode_minus: True  # use Unicode for the minus symbol rather than hyphen.  See
                           # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs#Character_codes
#axes.prop_cycle: cycler('color', ['1f77b4', 'ff7f0e', '2ca02c', 'd62728', '9467bd', '8c564b', 'e377c2', '7f7f7f', 'bcbd22', '17becf'])
                  # color cycle for plot lines as list of string color specs:
                  # single letter, long name, or web-style hex
                  # As opposed to all other parameters in this file, the color
                  # values must be enclosed in quotes for this parameter,
                  # e.g. '1f77b4', instead of 1f77b4.
                  # See also https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/intermediate/color_cycle.html
                  # for more details on prop_cycle usage.
#axes.xmargin:   .05  # x margin.  See `axes.Axes.margins`
#axes.ymargin:   .05  # y margin.  See `axes.Axes.margins`
#axes.zmargin:   .05  # z margin.  See `axes.Axes.margins`
#axes.autolimit_mode: data  # If "data", use axes.xmargin and axes.ymargin as is.
                            # If "round_numbers", after application of margins, axis
                            # limits are further expanded to the nearest "round" number.
#polaraxes.grid: True  # display grid on polar axes
#axes3d.grid:    True  # display grid on 3D axes


## ***************************************************************************
## * AXIS                                                                    *
## ***************************************************************************
#xaxis.labellocation: center  # alignment of the xaxis label: {left, right, center}
#yaxis.labellocation: center  # alignment of the yaxis label: {bottom, top, center}


## ***************************************************************************
## * DATES                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
## These control the default format strings used in AutoDateFormatter.
## Any valid format datetime format string can be used (see the python
## `datetime` for details).  For example, by using:
##     - '%%x' will use the locale date representation
##     - '%%X' will use the locale time representation
##     - '%%c' will use the full locale datetime representation
## These values map to the scales:
##     {'year': 365, 'month': 30, 'day': 1, 'hour': 1/24, 'minute': 1 / (24 * 60)}

#date.autoformatter.year:        %Y
#date.autoformatter.month:       %Y-%m
#date.autoformatter.day:         %Y-%m-%d
#date.autoformatter.hour:        %m-%d %H
#date.autoformatter.minute:      %d %H:%M
#date.autoformatter.second:      %H:%M:%S
#date.autoformatter.microsecond: %M:%S.%f
## The reference date for Matplotlib's internal date representation
## See https://matplotlib.org/examples/ticks_and_spines/date_precision_and_epochs.py
#date.epoch: 1970-01-01T00:00:00
## 'auto', 'concise':
#date.converter:                  auto
## For auto converter whether to use interval_multiples:
#date.interval_multiples:         True

## ***************************************************************************
## * TICKS                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/axis_api.html#matplotlib.axis.Tick
#xtick.top:           False   # draw ticks on the top side
#xtick.bottom:        True    # draw ticks on the bottom side
#xtick.labeltop:      False   # draw label on the top
#xtick.labelbottom:   True    # draw label on the bottom
#xtick.major.size:    3.5     # major tick size in points
#xtick.minor.size:    2       # minor tick size in points
#xtick.major.width:   0.8     # major tick width in points
#xtick.minor.width:   0.6     # minor tick width in points
#xtick.major.pad:     3.5     # distance to major tick label in points
#xtick.minor.pad:     3.4     # distance to the minor tick label in points
#xtick.color:         black   # color of the ticks
#xtick.labelcolor:    inherit # color of the tick labels or inherit from xtick.color
#xtick.labelsize:     medium  # font size of the tick labels
#xtick.direction:     out     # direction: {in, out, inout}
#xtick.minor.visible: False   # visibility of minor ticks on x-axis
#xtick.major.top:     True    # draw x axis top major ticks
#xtick.major.bottom:  True    # draw x axis bottom major ticks
#xtick.minor.top:     True    # draw x axis top minor ticks
#xtick.minor.bottom:  True    # draw x axis bottom minor ticks
#xtick.alignment:     center  # alignment of xticks

#ytick.left:          True    # draw ticks on the left side
#ytick.right:         False   # draw ticks on the right side
#ytick.labelleft:     True    # draw tick labels on the left side
#ytick.labelright:    False   # draw tick labels on the right side
#ytick.major.size:    3.5     # major tick size in points
#ytick.minor.size:    2       # minor tick size in points
#ytick.major.width:   0.8     # major tick width in points
#ytick.minor.width:   0.6     # minor tick width in points
#ytick.major.pad:     3.5     # distance to major tick label in points
#ytick.minor.pad:     3.4     # distance to the minor tick label in points
#ytick.color:         black   # color of the ticks
#ytick.labelcolor:    inherit # color of the tick labels or inherit from ytick.color
#ytick.labelsize:     medium  # font size of the tick labels
#ytick.direction:     out     # direction: {in, out, inout}
#ytick.minor.visible: False   # visibility of minor ticks on y-axis
#ytick.major.left:    True    # draw y axis left major ticks
#ytick.major.right:   True    # draw y axis right major ticks
#ytick.minor.left:    True    # draw y axis left minor ticks
#ytick.minor.right:   True    # draw y axis right minor ticks
#ytick.alignment:     center_baseline  # alignment of yticks


## ***************************************************************************
## * GRIDS                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
#grid.color:     b0b0b0  # grid color
#grid.linestyle: -       # solid
#grid.linewidth: 0.8     # in points
#grid.alpha:     1.0     # transparency, between 0.0 and 1.0


## ***************************************************************************
## * LEGEND                                                                  *
## ***************************************************************************
#legend.loc:           best
#legend.frameon:       True     # if True, draw the legend on a background patch
#legend.framealpha:    0.8      # legend patch transparency
#legend.facecolor:     inherit  # inherit from axes.facecolor; or color spec
#legend.edgecolor:     0.8      # background patch boundary color
#legend.fancybox:      True     # if True, use a rounded box for the
                                # legend background, else a rectangle
#legend.shadow:        False    # if True, give background a shadow effect
#legend.numpoints:     1        # the number of marker points in the legend line
#legend.scatterpoints: 1        # number of scatter points
#legend.markerscale:   1.0      # the relative size of legend markers vs. original
#legend.fontsize:      medium
#legend.title_fontsize: None    # None sets to the same as the default axes.

## Dimensions as fraction of font size:
#legend.borderpad:     0.4  # border whitespace
#legend.labelspacing:  0.5  # the vertical space between the legend entries
#legend.handlelength:  2.0  # the length of the legend lines
#legend.handleheight:  0.7  # the height of the legend handle
#legend.handletextpad: 0.8  # the space between the legend line and legend text
#legend.borderaxespad: 0.5  # the border between the axes and legend edge
#legend.columnspacing: 2.0  # column separation


## ***************************************************************************
## * FIGURE                                                                  *
## ***************************************************************************
## See https://matplotlib.org/api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure
#figure.titlesize:   large     # size of the figure title (``Figure.suptitle()``)
#figure.titleweight: normal    # weight of the figure title
#figure.figsize:     6.4, 4.8  # figure size in inches
#figure.dpi:         100       # figure dots per inch
#figure.facecolor:   white     # figure face color
#figure.edgecolor:   white     # figure edge color
#figure.frameon:     True      # enable figure frame
#figure.max_open_warning: 20   # The maximum number of figures to open through
                               # the pyplot interface before emitting a warning.
                               # If less than one this feature is disabled.
#figure.raise_window : True    # Raise the GUI window to front when show() is called.

## The figure subplot parameters.  All dimensions are a fraction of the figure width and height.
#figure.subplot.left:   0.125  # the left side of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.right:  0.9    # the right side of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.bottom: 0.11   # the bottom of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.top:    0.88   # the top of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.wspace: 0.2    # the amount of width reserved for space between subplots,
                               # expressed as a fraction of the average axis width
#figure.subplot.hspace: 0.2    # the amount of height reserved for space between subplots,
                               # expressed as a fraction of the average axis height

## Figure layout
#figure.autolayout: False  # When True, automatically adjust subplot
                           # parameters to make the plot fit the figure
                           # using `tight_layout`
#figure.constrained_layout.use: False  # When True, automatically make plot
                                       # elements fit on the figure. (Not
                                       # compatible with `autolayout`, above).
#figure.constrained_layout.h_pad:  0.04167  # Padding around axes objects. Float representing
#figure.constrained_layout.w_pad:  0.04167  # inches. Default is 3/72 inches (3 points)
#figure.constrained_layout.hspace: 0.02     # Space between subplot groups. Float representing
#figure.constrained_layout.wspace: 0.02     # a fraction of the subplot widths being separated.


## ***************************************************************************
## * IMAGES                                                                  *
## ***************************************************************************
#image.aspect: equal                # {equal, auto} or a number
#image.interpolation:  antialiased  # see help(imshow) for options
#image.cmap:   viridis              # A colormap name, gray etc...
#image.lut:    256                  # the size of the colormap lookup table
#image.origin: upper                # {lower, upper}
#image.resample:  True
#image.composite_image: True  # When True, all the images on a set of axes are
                              # combined into a single composite image before
                              # saving a figure as a vector graphics file,
                              # such as a PDF.


## ***************************************************************************
## * CONTOUR PLOTS                                                           *
## ***************************************************************************
#contour.negative_linestyle: dashed  # string or on-off ink sequence
#contour.corner_mask:        True    # {True, False, legacy}
#contour.linewidth:          None    # {float, None} Size of the contour line
                                     # widths. If set to None, it falls back to
                                     # `line.linewidth`.


## ***************************************************************************
## * ERRORBAR PLOTS                                                          *
## ***************************************************************************
#errorbar.capsize: 0  # length of end cap on error bars in pixels


## ***************************************************************************
## * HISTOGRAM PLOTS                                                         *
## ***************************************************************************
#hist.bins: 10  # The default number of histogram bins or 'auto'.


## ***************************************************************************
## * SCATTER PLOTS                                                           *
## ***************************************************************************
#scatter.marker: o         # The default marker type for scatter plots.
#scatter.edgecolors: face  # The default edge colors for scatter plots.


## ***************************************************************************
## * AGG RENDERING                                                           *
## ***************************************************************************
## Warning: experimental, 2008/10/10
#agg.path.chunksize: 0  # 0 to disable; values in the range
                        # 10000 to 100000 can improve speed slightly
                        # and prevent an Agg rendering failure
                        # when plotting very large data sets,
                        # especially if they are very gappy.
                        # It may cause minor artifacts, though.
                        # A value of 20000 is probably a good
                        # starting point.


## ***************************************************************************
## * PATHS                                                                   *
## ***************************************************************************
#path.simplify: True  # When True, simplify paths by removing "invisible"
                      # points to reduce file size and increase rendering
                      # speed
#path.simplify_threshold: 0.111111111111  # The threshold of similarity below
                                          # which vertices will be removed in
                                          # the simplification process.
#path.snap: True  # When True, rectilinear axis-aligned paths will be snapped
                  # to the nearest pixel when certain criteria are met.
                  # When False, paths will never be snapped.
#path.sketch: None  # May be None, or a 3-tuple of the form:
                    # (scale, length, randomness).
                    #     - *scale* is the amplitude of the wiggle
                    #         perpendicular to the line (in pixels).
                    #     - *length* is the length of the wiggle along the
                    #         line (in pixels).
                    #     - *randomness* is the factor by which the length is
                    #         randomly scaled.
#path.effects:


## ***************************************************************************
## * SAVING FIGURES                                                          *
## ***************************************************************************
## The default savefig parameters can be different from the display parameters
## e.g., you may want a higher resolution, or to make the figure
## background white
#savefig.dpi:       figure      # figure dots per inch or 'figure'
#savefig.facecolor: auto        # figure face color when saving
#savefig.edgecolor: auto        # figure edge color when saving
#savefig.format:    png         # {png, ps, pdf, svg}
#savefig.bbox:      standard    # {tight, standard}
                                # 'tight' is incompatible with pipe-based animation
                                # backends (e.g. 'ffmpeg') but will work with those
                                # based on temporary files (e.g. 'ffmpeg_file')
#savefig.pad_inches:   0.1      # Padding to be used when bbox is set to 'tight'
#savefig.directory:    ~        # default directory in savefig dialog box,
                                # leave empty to always use current working directory
#savefig.transparent: False     # setting that controls whether figures are saved with a
                                # transparent background by default
#savefig.orientation: portrait  # Orientation of saved figure

### tk backend params
#tk.window_focus:   False  # Maintain shell focus for TkAgg

### ps backend params
#ps.papersize:      letter  # {auto, letter, legal, ledger, A0-A10, B0-B10}
#ps.useafm:         False   # use of AFM fonts, results in small files
#ps.usedistiller:   False   # {ghostscript, xpdf, None}
                            # Experimental: may produce smaller files.
                            # xpdf intended for production of publication quality files,
                            # but requires ghostscript, xpdf and ps2eps
#ps.distiller.res:  6000    # dpi
#ps.fonttype:       3       # Output Type 3 (Type3) or Type 42 (TrueType)

### PDF backend params
#pdf.compression:    6  # integer from 0 to 9
                        # 0 disables compression (good for debugging)
#pdf.fonttype:       3  # Output Type 3 (Type3) or Type 42 (TrueType)
#pdf.use14corefonts : False
#pdf.inheritcolor:   False

### SVG backend params
#svg.image_inline: True  # Write raster image data directly into the SVG file
#svg.fonttype: path      # How to handle SVG fonts:
                         #     path: Embed characters as paths -- supported
                         #           by most SVG renderers
                         #     None: Assume fonts are installed on the
                         #           machine where the SVG will be viewed.
#svg.hashsalt: None      # If not None, use this string as hash salt instead of uuid4

### pgf parameter
## See https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/pgf.html for more information.
#pgf.rcfonts: True
#pgf.preamble:  # See text.latex.preamble for documentation
#pgf.texsystem: xelatex

### docstring params
#docstring.hardcopy: False  # set this when you want to generate hardcopy docstring


## ***************************************************************************
## * INTERACTIVE KEYMAPS                                                     *
## ***************************************************************************
## Event keys to interact with figures/plots via keyboard.
## See https://matplotlib.org/users/navigation_toolbar.html for more details on
## interactive navigation.  Customize these settings according to your needs.
## Leave the field(s) empty if you don't need a key-map. (i.e., fullscreen : '')
#keymap.fullscreen: f, ctrl+f   # toggling
#keymap.home: h, r, home        # home or reset mnemonic
#keymap.back: left, c, backspace, MouseButton.BACK  # forward / backward keys
#keymap.forward: right, v, MouseButton.FORWARD      # for quick navigation
#keymap.pan: p                  # pan mnemonic
#keymap.zoom: o                 # zoom mnemonic
#keymap.save: s, ctrl+s         # saving current figure
#keymap.help: f1                # display help about active tools
#keymap.quit: ctrl+w, cmd+w, q  # close the current figure
#keymap.quit_all:               # close all figures
#keymap.grid: g                 # switching on/off major grids in current axes
#keymap.grid_minor: G           # switching on/off minor grids in current axes
#keymap.yscale: l               # toggle scaling of y-axes ('log'/'linear')
#keymap.xscale: k, L            # toggle scaling of x-axes ('log'/'linear')
#keymap.copy: ctrl+c, cmd+c     # Copy figure to clipboard


## ***************************************************************************
## * ANIMATION                                                               *
## ***************************************************************************
#animation.html: none  # How to display the animation as HTML in
                       # the IPython notebook:
                       #     - 'html5' uses HTML5 video tag
                       #     - 'jshtml' creates a JavaScript animation
#animation.writer:  ffmpeg        # MovieWriter 'backend' to use
#animation.codec:   h264          # Codec to use for writing movie
#animation.bitrate: -1            # Controls size/quality trade-off for movie.
                                  # -1 implies let utility auto-determine
#animation.frame_format: png      # Controls frame format used by temp files
#animation.ffmpeg_path:  ffmpeg   # Path to ffmpeg binary. Without full path
                                  # $PATH is searched
#animation.ffmpeg_args:           # Additional arguments to pass to ffmpeg
#animation.convert_path: convert  # Path to ImageMagick's convert binary.
                                  # On Windows use the full path since convert
                                  # is also the name of a system tool.
#animation.convert_args:          # Additional arguments to pass to convert
#animation.embed_limit:  20.0     # Limit, in MB, of size of base64 encoded
                                  # animation in HTML (i.e. IPython notebook)

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